Water Pollution Explain & Types

Water Pollution 

Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, in a way that negatively affects its legitimate uses. Water pollution reduces the carrying capacity of a body of water. ecosystem services that it would otherwise provide. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into these water bodies. In addition to harming many species, water pollution can also cause water-borne diseases in people. Water pollution is traditionally attributed to four sources, which provide the organization of this article.

1.Mal

2. Industry

3. Agriculture

4. Urban runoff including storm water

5. Thermal pollution

Water pollution can also be classified as surface water pollution (for example lakes, rivers, estuaries and parts of the ocean in marine pollution) or groundwater pollution. The sources of water pollution are either point sources or non-point sources. Point sources have an identifiable cause, such as a storm drain or wastewater treatment plant. Non-point sources are more diffuse, such as agricultural runoff. Pollution is the result of cumulative effects over time. Supply of clean drinking water is an important ecosystem service provided by some freshwater systems, but around 785 million people in the world do not have access to clean drinking water due to pollution.

definition:-

Water pollution is the sum of substances or energy forms that directly or indirectly alter the nature of a water body in a way that negatively affects its legitimate uses". Therefore, pollution is associated with concepts attributed to humans. ., ie negative changes and uses of a water body. Water is generally said to be polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants. Due to these contaminants it either does not support human use such as drinking water, or undergoes a marked change in its ability to support biological communities such as fish.

Agriculture:-

Agriculture is a major contributor to water pollution. Nutrient pollution is caused by the use of fertilizers, with excess nutrients, usually due to nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing compounds that are the main constituents. Sources of nutrient pollution include surface runoff from farm fields and pastures, discharge from septic tanks and feedlots (sewage - see below - is also high in nutrients). In addition to plant-based agriculture, fish farming is also a source of pollution. Additionally, Ag runoff often contains high levels of pesticides.

Industrial waste water:-

Using the US as an example, the main industrial consumers of water (using more than 60% of total consumption) are power plants, petroleum refineries, iron and steel mills, pulp and paper mills, and food processing industries. Some industries discharge chemical wastes, including solvents and heavy metals (which are toxic) and other harmful pollutants such as nutrients. Some industries (such as food processing) discharge high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and oils and greases. Some industrial discharges contain persistent organic pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Urban runoff:-

Urban runoff is stormwater that is released into surface water from roofs, roads and parking lots, and reservoirs. It is often caught in large maintenance ponds. It is subject to high suspended solids as well as high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.

Thermal pollution:-

Thermal pollution, sometimes called "thermal enrichment", is the deterioration of water quality by any process that changes the ambient water temperature. Thermal pollution is an increase or decrease in the temperature of a natural body of water due to human influence. Unlike chemical pollution, thermal pollution changes the physical properties of water. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.

Stool:-

Sewage typically consists of 99.9% water and 0.1% solids. Globally, around 4.5 billion people do not have access to safely managed sanitation as of 2017, according to an estimate by the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation. Water pollution is often caused by lack of access to sanitation, e.g. Through the practice of open defecation. Even simple pit latrines can fill up during rain events. When sewers overflow during storm events, this can lead to water pollution from untreated sewage. Such incidents are called sanitary sewer overflows or combined sewer overflows.